Major People's Agitations in Goa and Their Impact on the State

Story of Defections in Goa

By John Aguiar

Goa's political history is inseparable from the story of defections, splits, floor-crossings and political realignments. Since the first Legislative Assembly was elected in 1963, Goa has witnessed repeated instances of legislators changing political loyalties, splitting parties and altering the balance of power. On several occasions, governments have fallen or been formed without the electorate being given an opportunity to vote again.

Although defections became particularly notorious after Goa attained statehood in 1987, the phenomenon began much earlier. In fact, Goa witnessed its first major political split within the United Goans Party (UGP) in the 1960s.

The first split: UGP, 1965

The first major split in the United Goans Party occurred in 1965, when Dr. Alvaro de Loyola Furtado broke away from the Jack de Sequeira-led faction and formed the UGP (Furtado), while the parent group came to be known as the UGP (Sequeira). The division was rooted in differences over Goa's political future and the demand for statehood. The split became electorally significant after the 1967 Opinion Poll. In the subsequent 1967 Assembly elections, the UGP (Furtado) contested six constituencies but failed to win a single seat, while the Sequeira faction secured six seats.

 The UGP subsequently entered the Opposition, while Dayanand Bandodkar's Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party (MGP) continued to dominate Goa's political landscape.

K. B. Naik's rebellion: 1970

The next major episode came in 1970, when Shiroda MLA K. B. Naik, a prominent leader of the MGP, rebelled against Chief Minister Dayanand 'Bhausaheb' Bandodkar.

Naik led a group of seven MGP legislators who broke away from the ruling party and formed the Nava-MGP. The principal objective of the rebellion was to dislodge Bandodkar as Chief Minister. Naik himself was interested in succeeding him.

The rebellion, however, did not bring down the MGP government. Bandodkar countered the challenge by securing the support of five UGP legislators. They crossed the floor and voted in support of the government during the crucial confidence vote.

Among those associated with the UGP split was Abdul Razak, along with Elu Miranda, Valent Sequeira and Orlando Sequeira Lobo. The five UGP legislators who supported Bandodkar became part of a breakaway UGP group. The crucial vote enabled Bandodkar to survive the rebellion. A contemporary account records that the government won the confidence vote by 17 votes to 14.

Thus, the 1970 episode became one of Goa's earliest examples of a government surviving through floor-crossing and carefully engineered political realignment.

The MGP rebellion of 1979

The next major crisis occurred during the government of Shashikala Kakodkar, who had succeeded her father, Bandodkar, after his death in 1973.

In April 1979, serious differences developed within the MGP. Law Minister Shankar Laad, along with senior legislators Dayanand Narvekar and Dilkush Desai, withdrew support from Kakodkar's government and joined the Opposition.

The rebels claimed majority support and staked a claim to form an alternative government under Shankar Laad. The rebellion reduced Kakodkar's support to 13 members, while the Opposition claimed 17, including the Speaker.

The political crisis resulted in the fall of the Kakodkar government and was followed by President's Rule. It marked the end of the MGP's uninterrupted period of dominance in Goa.

The 1980 realignment

The political landscape changed dramatically in 1980. The Congress faction that had emerged under the Congress (Urs) banner had won a majority, while the MGP was reduced to seven seats.

Five MGP legislators subsequently joined the Congress, further weakening the MGP. Around the same period, the Congress (Urs) itself merged with Congress (I), reflecting how national political developments were directly influencing Goa's political equations.

There was also an attempt to merge the MGP with the Congress. Ramakant Khalap played an important role in resisting the proposed merger and preserving the independent identity of the MGP.

The 1980s: Congress dominance and new alignments

The 1980s saw the emergence of Pratapsingh Rane as one of Goa's most important political figures. Rane had earlier been associated with the MGP before moving to the Congress and subsequently becoming Chief Minister.

The decade was relatively more stable compared with the years that followed, but political realignments continued. The emergence of new regional formations and the gradual weakening of the traditional UGP and MGP structures laid the groundwork for the highly fluid politics of the 1990s.

The 1990 political earthquake

The real turning point in Goa's history of defections came in March 1990.

Congress Chief Minister Pratapsingh Rane had only a precarious majority. Speaker Luis Proto Barbosa, along with six other Congress MLAs, broke away from the party and withdrew support from the Rane government.

The defectors formed the Goan People's Party (GPP) and, with the support of the MGP, formed the Progressive Democratic Front (PDF) government. Churchill Alemao initially became Chief Minister. Subsequently, Luis Proto Barbosa became Chief Minister.

This was a landmark moment. For the first time, a group of legislators changed sides on such a scale that an elected government was brought down and a new government was formed without a general election.

The episode also demonstrated the limitations of the anti-defection provisions then in force. The 1985 Anti-Defection Law permitted protection where a breakaway group constituted at least one-third of the legislature party.

The PDF government itself was short-lived. When the MGP withdrew its support later in 1990, the political crisis returned and Goa eventually came under President's Rule.

The 1990s: Defection becomes a political weapon

The 1990s witnessed perhaps the most turbulent period in Goa's political history.

The Tenth Schedule, popularly known as the Anti-Defection Law, had been introduced into the Constitution in 1985 to discourage legislators from changing parties. However, the provision permitting a one-third split was frequently used by politicians to avoid disqualification.

Goa became a striking example of how the law could be circumvented through organised group defections.

The 1994–99 Assembly witnessed repeated political shifts. Governments changed, alliances were rearranged and legislators moved between parties. The instability culminated in the collapse of the Wilfred de Souza and subsequently Luizinho Faleiro governments in 1998.

The Sardinha government: 1999

The 1999 Assembly election produced a Congress majority, with the party winning 21 of the 40 seats. Luizinho Faleiro became Chief Minister.

But within months, Francisco Sardinha led a breakaway from the Congress. With BJP support, he formed the government in November 1999.

Sardinha's government lasted only about eleven months. On 24 October 2000, the BJP formed its first government in Goa under Manohar Parrikar.

Goa had entered an era in which the result of an election could no longer guarantee the stability of the government that emerged from it.

The post-2003 era: Resign, switch and return

The 91st Constitutional Amendment of 2003 abolished the one-third split provision under the Anti-Defection Law and strengthened the restrictions on defections.

But Goa's politicians soon found another route.

Isidore Fernandes became a notable example. After being elected on a Congress ticket, he resigned from the Assembly in 2004 and joined the BJP. He subsequently contested and won the by-election on a BJP ticket.

The experiment was repeated on a much larger scale in 2005. Several BJP legislators resigned from the Assembly amid a political crisis, enabling the Congress-led formation under Pratapsingh Rane to return to power.

Five Assembly constituencies went to by-elections in June 2005. Congress and its allies won four of them, while BJP retained Poinguinim.

The episode demonstrated a new method of political defection: resign from the Assembly, change party and seek a fresh mandate through a by-election.

Ravi Naik: a career across political parties

Goa's history of party switching is also reflected in the careers of individual politicians.

Ravi Naik began his political career with the MGP before joining the Congress in 1991 and becoming Chief Minister. He later joined the BJP and served as Deputy Chief Minister before returning to the Congress. In 2021, he once again joined the BJP.

His political journey illustrates the fluidity of party loyalties that has characterised Goa for decades.

Digambar Kamat and the 2005 crisis

Digambar Kamat was among the BJP's four MLAs elected in the 1994 Assembly election, when the BJP made its debut in the Goa Assembly.

In February 2005, Kamat resigned from the BJP and from the Assembly. His resignation came during a crucial political crisis and contributed to the collapse of the Manohar Parrikar government. He subsequently joined the Congress and became a minister in the Pratapsingh Rane government.

Kamat later became Chief Minister, serving from 2007 to 2012.

The post-2017 wave

The tradition of political realignment continued after 2017.

Vishwajit Rane resigned from the Congress after the 2017 Assembly election, joined the BJP and returned to the Assembly through a by-election.

Later, Subhash Shirodkar and Dayanand Sopte also resigned as Congress MLAs, joined the BJP and successfully contested by-elections.

The MGP also witnessed a major realignment when Manohar Ajgaonkar and Deepak Pauskar moved from the MGP to the BJP.

The 2019 mass defection

In 2019, Goa witnessed one of its most dramatic episodes of mass defection.

Ten of the Congress's 15 MLAs merged with the BJP, reducing the Congress to just five MLAs and substantially strengthening the ruling BJP. Because the 2003 amendment had abolished the one-third split provision, the legislators relied on the constitutional provision relating to a merger, which requires two-thirds of the legislature party.

The episode became one of the most striking examples in India of the political use of the merger provision under the Anti-Defection Law.

The 2022 defection

In September 2022, Goa again made national headlines when eight Congress MLAs, including former Chief Minister Digambar Kamat, joined the BJP.

It was another dramatic demonstration of Goa's continuing culture of political realignment and the extraordinary fluidity of party loyalties.

A political culture of defection

Goa's history of defections is therefore not a story that began with the Congress-BJP politics of the 21st century. It stretches back to the first decade after Liberation.

From the UGP split of the 1960s, to K. B. Naik's rebellion against Bandodkar in 1970; from the fall of Shashikala Kakodkar in 1979 to the dramatic Congress defections of 1990; from the Sardinha government of 1999 to the political crisis of 2005; and from the 2019 Congress-BJP merger to the eight-member Congress exodus of 2022, Goa has repeatedly witnessed legislators changing political sides.

The reasons have varied. Some defections were driven by ideological differences, some by internal party disputes, some by leadership ambitions and others by the prospect of power.

But the political consequence has often been the same: the arithmetic inside the Assembly has become as important as the verdict delivered by the electorate.

Goa's experience also raises an uncomfortable democratic question. When a voter elects a candidate on the symbol and programme of one political party, how far should that representative be free to change allegiance during the life of the Assembly?

The Anti-Defection Law was intended to answer that question. Yet Goa's political history shows that whenever one route to defection was closed, another was often found.

Defections have certainly demonstrated the flexibility and dynamism of Goa's politics. But they have also contributed to political instability, weakened ideological commitment and, at times, created a disconnect between the mandate given by voters and the government that eventually governs them.

The story of defections in Goa is ultimately a story about the tension between individual political ambition and the collective mandate of the electorate.

As Goa's democracy matures, the greater challenge is not merely to prevent defections through law, but to strengthen the political culture in which elected representatives remain accountable to the people who elected them.

The true strength of democracy lies not in the ability to change governments through political manoeuvring, but in respecting the mandate of the people.

Story of defections in Goa

Story of Defections in Goa

By John Aguiar

Goa's political history is inseparable from the story of defections, splits, floor-crossings and political realignments. Since the first Legislative Assembly was elected in 1963, Goa has witnessed repeated instances of legislators changing political loyalties, splitting parties and altering the balance of power. On several occasions, governments have fallen or been formed without the electorate being given an opportunity to vote again.

Although defections became particularly notorious after Goa attained statehood in 1987, the phenomenon began much earlier. In fact, Goa witnessed its first major political split within the United Goans Party (UGP) in the 1960s.

The first split: UGP, 1966

The first major political split in Goa took place in 1966, within the United Goans Party led by Dr. Jack de Sequeira. The dispute was connected with differences over the political direction of the party following the 1966 Opinion Poll.

The split weakened the UGP and had a direct impact on the political equations leading up to the 1967 Assembly elections. The UGP subsequently entered the Opposition, while Dayanand Bandodkar's Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party (MGP) continued to dominate Goa's political landscape.

K. B. Naik's rebellion: 1970

The next major episode came in 1970, when Shiroda MLA K. B. Naik, a prominent leader of the MGP, rebelled against Chief Minister Dayanand 'Bhausaheb' Bandodkar.

Naik led a group of seven MGP legislators who broke away from the ruling party and formed the Nava-MGP. The principal objective of the rebellion was to dislodge Bandodkar as Chief Minister. Naik himself was interested in succeeding him.

The rebellion, however, did not bring down the MGP government. Bandodkar countered the challenge by securing the support of five UGP legislators. They crossed the floor and voted in support of the government during the crucial confidence vote.

Among those associated with the UGP split was Abdul Razak, along with Elu Miranda, Valent Sequeira and Orlando Sequeira Lobo. The five UGP legislators who supported Bandodkar became part of a breakaway UGP group. The crucial vote enabled Bandodkar to survive the rebellion. A contemporary account records that the government won the confidence vote by 17 votes to 14.

Thus, the 1970 episode became one of Goa's earliest examples of a government surviving through floor-crossing and carefully engineered political realignment.

The MGP rebellion of 1979

The next major crisis occurred during the government of Shashikala Kakodkar, who had succeeded her father, Bandodkar, after his death in 1973.

In April 1979, serious differences developed within the MGP. Law Minister Shankar Laad, along with senior legislators Dayanand Narvekar and Dilkush Desai, withdrew support from Kakodkar's government and joined the Opposition.

The rebels claimed majority support and staked a claim to form an alternative government under Shankar Laad. The rebellion reduced Kakodkar's support to 13 members, while the Opposition claimed 17, including the Speaker.

The political crisis resulted in the fall of the Kakodkar government and was followed by President's Rule. It marked the end of the MGP's uninterrupted period of dominance in Goa.

The 1980 realignment

The political landscape changed dramatically in 1980. The Congress faction that had emerged under the Congress (Urs) banner had won a majority, while the MGP was reduced to seven seats.

Five MGP legislators subsequently joined the Congress, further weakening the MGP. Around the same period, the Congress (Urs) itself merged with Congress (I), reflecting how national political developments were directly influencing Goa's political equations.

There was also an attempt to merge the MGP with the Congress. Ramakant Khalap played an important role in resisting the proposed merger and preserving the independent identity of the MGP.

The 1980s: Congress dominance and new alignments

The 1980s saw the emergence of Pratapsingh Rane as one of Goa's most important political figures. Rane had earlier been associated with the MGP before moving to the Congress and subsequently becoming Chief Minister.

The decade was relatively more stable compared with the years that followed, but political realignments continued. The emergence of new regional formations and the gradual weakening of the traditional UGP and MGP structures laid the groundwork for the highly fluid politics of the 1990s.

The 1990 political earthquake

The real turning point in Goa's history of defections came in March 1990.

Congress Chief Minister Pratapsingh Rane had only a precarious majority. Speaker Luis Proto Barbosa, along with six other Congress MLAs, broke away from the party and withdrew support from the Rane government.

The defectors formed the Goan People's Party (GPP) and, with the support of the MGP, formed the Progressive Democratic Front (PDF) government. Churchill Alemao initially became Chief Minister. Subsequently, Luis Proto Barbosa became Chief Minister.

This was a landmark moment. For the first time, a group of legislators changed sides on such a scale that an elected government was brought down and a new government was formed without a general election.

The episode also demonstrated the limitations of the anti-defection provisions then in force. The 1985 Anti-Defection Law permitted protection where a breakaway group constituted at least one-third of the legislature party.

The PDF government itself was short-lived. When the MGP withdrew its support later in 1990, the political crisis returned and Goa eventually came under President's Rule.

The 1990s: Defection becomes a political weapon

The 1990s witnessed perhaps the most turbulent period in Goa's political history.

The Tenth Schedule, popularly known as the Anti-Defection Law, had been introduced into the Constitution in 1985 to discourage legislators from changing parties. However, the provision permitting a one-third split was frequently used by politicians to avoid disqualification.

Goa became a striking example of how the law could be circumvented through organised group defections.

The 1994–99 Assembly witnessed repeated political shifts. Governments changed, alliances were rearranged and legislators moved between parties. The instability culminated in the collapse of the Wilfred de Souza and subsequently Luizinho Faleiro governments in 1998.

The Sardinha government: 1999

The 1999 Assembly election produced a Congress majority, with the party winning 21 of the 40 seats. Luizinho Faleiro became Chief Minister.

But within months, Francisco Sardinha led a breakaway from the Congress. With BJP support, he formed the government in November 1999.

Sardinha's government lasted only about eleven months. On 24 October 2000, the BJP formed its first government in Goa under Manohar Parrikar.

Goa had entered an era in which the result of an election could no longer guarantee the stability of the government that emerged from it.

The post-2003 era: Resign, switch and return

The 91st Constitutional Amendment of 2003 abolished the one-third split provision under the Anti-Defection Law and strengthened the restrictions on defections.

But Goa's politicians soon found another route.

Isidore Fernandes became a notable example. After being elected on a Congress ticket, he resigned from the Assembly in 2004 and joined the BJP. He subsequently contested and won the by-election on a BJP ticket.

The experiment was repeated on a much larger scale in 2005. Several BJP legislators resigned from the Assembly amid a political crisis, enabling the Congress-led formation under Pratapsingh Rane to return to power.

Five Assembly constituencies went to by-elections in June 2005. Congress and its allies won four of them, while BJP retained Poinguinim.

The episode demonstrated a new method of political defection: resign from the Assembly, change party and seek a fresh mandate through a by-election.

Ravi Naik: a career across political parties

Goa's history of party switching is also reflected in the careers of individual politicians.

Ravi Naik began his political career with the MGP before joining the Congress in 1991 and becoming Chief Minister. He later joined the BJP and served as Deputy Chief Minister before returning to the Congress. In 2021, he once again joined the BJP.

His political journey illustrates the fluidity of party loyalties that has characterised Goa for decades.

Digambar Kamat and the 2005 crisis

Digambar Kamat was among the BJP's four MLAs elected in the 1994 Assembly election, when the BJP made its debut in the Goa Assembly.

In February 2005, Kamat resigned from the BJP and from the Assembly. His resignation came during a crucial political crisis and contributed to the collapse of the Manohar Parrikar government. He subsequently joined the Congress and became a minister in the Pratapsingh Rane government.

Kamat later became Chief Minister, serving from 2007 to 2012.

The post-2017 wave

The tradition of political realignment continued after 2017.

Vishwajit Rane resigned from the Congress after the 2017 Assembly election, joined the BJP and returned to the Assembly through a by-election.

Later, Subhash Shirodkar and Dayanand Sopte also resigned as Congress MLAs, joined the BJP and successfully contested by-elections.

The MGP also witnessed a major realignment when Manohar Ajgaonkar and Deepak Pauskar moved from the MGP to the BJP.

The 2019 mass defection

In 2019, Goa witnessed one of its most dramatic episodes of mass defection.

Ten of the Congress's 15 MLAs merged with the BJP, reducing the Congress to just five MLAs and substantially strengthening the ruling BJP. Because the 2003 amendment had abolished the one-third split provision, the legislators relied on the constitutional provision relating to a merger, which requires two-thirds of the legislature party.

The episode became one of the most striking examples in India of the political use of the merger provision under the Anti-Defection Law.

The 2022 defection

In September 2022, Goa again made national headlines when eight Congress MLAs, including former Chief Minister Digambar Kamat, joined the BJP.

It was another dramatic demonstration of Goa's continuing culture of political realignment and the extraordinary fluidity of party loyalties.

A political culture of defection

Goa's history of defections is therefore not a story that began with the Congress-BJP politics of the 21st century. It stretches back to the first decade after Liberation.

From the UGP split of the 1960s, to K. B. Naik's rebellion against Bandodkar in 1970; from the fall of Shashikala Kakodkar in 1979 to the dramatic Congress defections of 1990; from the Sardinha government of 1999 to the political crisis of 2005; and from the 2019 Congress-BJP merger to the eight-member Congress exodus of 2022, Goa has repeatedly witnessed legislators changing political sides.

The reasons have varied. Some defections were driven by ideological differences, some by internal party disputes, some by leadership ambitions and others by the prospect of power.

But the political consequence has often been the same: the arithmetic inside the Assembly has become as important as the verdict delivered by the electorate.

Goa's experience also raises an uncomfortable democratic question. When a voter elects a candidate on the symbol and programme of one political party, how far should that representative be free to change allegiance during the life of the Assembly?

The Anti-Defection Law was intended to answer that question. Yet Goa's political history shows that whenever one route to defection was closed, another was often found.

Defections have certainly demonstrated the flexibility and dynamism of Goa's politics. But they have also contributed to political instability, weakened ideological commitment and, at times, created a disconnect between the mandate given by voters and the government that eventually governs them.

The story of defections in Goa is ultimately a story about the tension between individual political ambition and the collective mandate of the electorate.

As Goa's democracy matures, the greater challenge is not merely to prevent defections through law, but to strengthen the political culture in which elected representatives remain accountable to the people who elected them.

The true strength of democracy lies not in the ability to change governments through political manoeuvring, but in respecting the mandate of the people.

A Presidential Reception and an Assignment I Will Always Remember

 A Presidential Reception and an Assignment I Will Always Remember

By John Aguiar

Some assignments remain etched in one’s professional memory not merely because of the importance of the occasion, but because of the responsibility and trust associated with them. For me, organising the civic reception of President of India Shri Ram Nath Kovind during his first presidential visit to Goa on July 7, 2018, was one such assignment.

At the time, I was serving as an Information Officer, and my Department appointed me as the Nodal Officer for organising the civic reception, as our Department was the host Department for the event. I considered the responsibility a great honour.

The President attended a grand civic reception hosted by the Government of Goa in Panaji. Goa Governor Smt. Mridula Sinha, Chief Minister Shri Manohar Parrikar and several senior leaders and officials were present.

My first responsibility was to identify and finalise a suitable auditorium. Our first preference was the Taleigao Community Centre. I personally visited the venue, but learnt that a wedding had already been scheduled there on the same day. We therefore turned our attention to the NIO Auditorium at Dona Paula.

At a subsequent meeting at the Chief Minister’s Office, the Secretary to the Hon’ble Chief Minister, an IAS officer, questioned me about why the Taleigao Community Centre had not been finalised. When I explained that a wedding had already been booked there, he suggested that the booking be cancelled.

Chief Minister Shri Manohar Parrikar immediately intervened. He felt that it would not be proper to cancel the wedding booking, as the family would already have made all the necessary arrangements. His intervention settled the issue.

Constant Coordination with Rashtrapati Bhavan

I was in constant touch with Rashtrapati Bhavan throughout the preparations. Major Conrad Fernandes, an ADC of the rank of Major from the Maratha Regiment and a native of Mangaluru, was my principal point of contact. We coordinated extensively on protocol, stage arrangements, speakers, seating and the audience.

The coordination with Rashtrapati Bhavan extended even to the publicity material. The banners and advertisements proposed for the civic reception had to be submitted to and approved by Rashtrapati Bhavan. There were strict instructions regarding the use of the President’s photograph, and we were required to use only the approved photograph of the Hon’ble President.

This meant that even seemingly routine publicity material had to pass through the prescribed protocol before it could be released. As the Nodal Officer, I coordinated these requirements and ensured that the material complied with the instructions received from Rashtrapati Bhavan.

I also coordinated the welcome song and the Master of Ceremony. Every development had to be reported to my Director, Shri T. S. Sawant. I briefed him regularly so that he could keep the Chief Minister and other authorities informed about the progress.

A substantial portion of the President’s speech was also prepared by me. Since the occasion involved the President of India, every detail had to be carefully worked out.

One moment remains particularly memorable. I began the President’s speech with the Konkani greeting “Mhajea Mogall Goenkarano, Tumkam Saglleank maye mogacho namaskar " ,  deliberately retaining it in Devanagari script. I wanted the President to pronounce the Konkani greeting correctly.

And he did.

President Kovind pronounced it perfectly, drawing warm applause from the audience. The moment created a special connection between the President and the people of Goa.

The protocol arrangements were equally meticulous. There were two podiums on the stage—one exclusively for the President and another for the other speakers and the Master of Ceremony.

A large traditional samayee was presented by Chief Minister Shri Manohar Parrikar to President Kovind as a token of love and affection from the people of Goa.

The function went off smoothly. After the event, my Director, Shri T. S. Sawant, was full of praise for my efforts. His appreciation was particularly gratifying because I had personally coordinated several aspects of the programme from the initial preparations until the conclusion of the event.

But there was still one task left.

Two days later, Major Conrad Fernandes called me asking about the samayee presented to the President. We had to ensure that it reached Delhi.

We dismantled the samayee, got it properly packed through ESG and sent it to New Delhi by Air India Cargo. At the same time, Goa Sadan was informed to collect the consignment and arrange for its delivery to the President’s residence.

Only after this final responsibility was completed did I feel that my assignment was truly over.

Looking back, the civic reception remains one of the most memorable assignments of my career as an Information Officer. It taught me once again that an important government function is not merely about what is visible on the stage. Behind every successful event lies meticulous planning, constant coordination, protocol, communication and the ability to handle unexpected situations calmly.

I accepted the assignment as part of my official duty. But being entrusted with the responsibility of coordinating the civic reception of the President of India was, without doubt, an honour that I will always cherish.

Caption: President Speaks. Maj Conrad Fernandes is seen behind.

Ladki, Mangal and the World I Grew Up In

 

Ladki, Mangal and the World I Grew Up In

John Aguiar

My mother used to tell me that I was breastfed until I was about five years old. Whether I remember those early years clearly or not, one thing I do remember is how much care my mother took to ensure that I always had enough milk.

My parents bought a goat and named her Ladki. She became a part of our family, and I grew up playing with her. I remember watching her grow and, later, the excitement in our home when she delivered a kid. For us children, it was almost like welcoming a new member into the family.

There was another special occasion associated with it. We got our first taste of the delicious steamed milk pudding known as Kharvas in Marathi, called Poss in Goan tradition. It was not something we simply bought from a shop. It came from our own animal and was prepared at home. That made it all the more special.

My mother later purchased a cow so that I would have a regular supply of milk. She named her Mangal, because she had been purchased on a Tuesday. Mangal was not merely a cow kept for milk. She became my friend.

Whenever I called her, she would respond and come towards me. She loved being pampered, and I enjoyed spending time with her. To a child, an animal that recognises your voice and responds to your call is something magical. There was a bond between us that did not need words.

Over the years, the goats and cows multiplied. What had begun with one goat and one cow gradually became a small herd. My mother took responsibility not only for feeding them and providing milk but also for their general well-being.

Of course, keeping animals was not always peaceful.

There were occasions when the animals wandered into somebody's field and we would receive complaints. Sometimes the cattle strayed onto the roads and the municipality would catch them and take them away. My mother would then have to go through the process of getting them released, including paying the prescribed fine.

Whenever an animal fell ill, doctors from the Animal Husbandry Department would come and examine and treat them. I grew up watching my mother attend to these animals with the same concern and affection that she had for her family.

My mother also supplied milk to a fixed group of customers. Thus, our home became a small world centred around animals, milk and everyday rural life.

Looking back, I realise how fortunate I was.

I grew up with the smell of cow dung, cow urine and goat pellets around me. At that age, I never thought of these things as unpleasant. They were simply part of my surroundings and part of my childhood. Along with cows and goats, there were dogs and hens too. Animals were not something I merely saw from a distance or in a zoo. They were companions in my everyday life.

Today, when I look back, I feel lucky to have experienced that childhood.

Ladki, Mangal, the goats, cows, dogs and hens were not merely animals. They were part of my growing-up years. They taught me, without a textbook or a classroom, about affection, responsibility, patience and the bond between humans and animals.

Most importantly, they remind me of my mother.

She was the one who cared for them, fed them, treated them when they were ill, dealt with complaints when they strayed, brought them back when they were taken away, and ensured that her children received fresh milk.

Those memories have stayed with me for a lifetime.

Sometimes, the richest memories of childhood are not about expensive toys, holidays or grand occasions. They are about a goat called Ladki, a cow called Mangal, the excitement of a newborn kid, a bowl of homemade Kharvas, and a mother whose love extended to every living creature under her care.

That was the world I grew up in—and I consider myself fortunate to have lived it.

Towards Building a Prosperous, Self-Reliant and Culturally Proud Goa: The Visionary Leadership of Chief Minister Dr. Pramod Sawant

 Towards Building a Prosperous, Self-Reliant and Culturally Proud Goa: The Visionary Leadership of Chief Minister Dr. Pramod Sawant

– John Aguiar

Goa is not merely the smallest state in India; it is a land renowned for its rich cultural heritage, high literacy, social harmony, and progressive development. In an era of rapid change, sustaining the pace of development while preserving Goa's language, culture, traditions, and identity has become one of the state's greatest responsibilities. Under the leadership of Chief Minister Dr. Pramod Sawant, the Government of Goa has undertaken several initiatives that seek to strike a balance between development and the preservation of Goa's unique cultural heritage.

Development is not confined to the construction of roads, bridges, and buildings. True development means creating equal opportunities for every citizen, ensuring access to quality education, healthcare, employment, transparent governance, environmental protection, and the preservation of cultural identity. The state government has taken significant steps in all these areas.

Konkani Language Requirement for Government Employment – Safeguarding Goa's Identity

The decision to make knowledge of the Konkani language a requirement for government employment has the potential to become a significant milestone in Goa's cultural history.

Konkani is not merely a means of communication; it represents Goa's identity, culture, traditions, folklore, history, and collective pride. Following Goa's Liberation, countless writers, social activists, and language enthusiasts struggled for years to secure official language status for Konkani. Providing the language with its rightful place in governance is therefore both timely and appropriate.

Government officials and employees serve the people and interact directly with citizens. Understanding the concerns of local communities and responding effectively to them requires familiarity with the local language. A government employee who knows Konkani is better equipped to communicate with citizens and deliver services with greater sensitivity and efficiency.

Several Indian states require proficiency in the local language for public service. Therefore, introducing a similar requirement in Goa is both reasonable and in the larger interest of the state.

This decision is not directed against any other language. Rather, it is intended to safeguard Goa's linguistic identity. It is also expected to encourage students to learn Konkani and contribute to the preservation of the language for future generations.

Progress in Education

Education forms the foundation of Goa's development. The government has taken several initiatives to promote modern education, digital learning, skill development, higher education, and research.

Special emphasis is being placed on providing quality education, scholarships, vocational training, and employment-oriented courses so that Goa's youth are well prepared to meet the challenges of an increasingly competitive world.

Expansion of Healthcare Services

A healthy society depends upon a strong healthcare system. The government continues to modernize public hospitals, strengthen healthcare infrastructure, improve preventive healthcare, promote maternal and child health, and provide access to advanced medical treatment.

The expansion of facilities at Goa Medical College and other healthcare institutions has significantly contributed to improving public health services.

Development of Infrastructure

Economic growth depends greatly on robust infrastructure, including roads, bridges, electricity, water supply, digital connectivity, and public transport.

While expanding infrastructure to support tourism, industry, and commerce, the government has also emphasized the importance of protecting Goa's fragile environment.

Employment and Industrial Development

To create employment opportunities for young people, the government has encouraged industries, tourism, start-ups, entrepreneurship, and skill development.

Various schemes are aimed at enabling local youth not only to seek employment but also to become job creators through entrepreneurship.

Digital Governance and Transparency

The expansion of e-governance has made numerous government services accessible online, reducing the need for citizens to make repeated visits to government offices. Digital governance has enhanced transparency, efficiency, accountability, and the overall delivery of public services.

Women and Youth Empowerment

The government has introduced several initiatives to promote the economic, educational, and social empowerment of women. Equal emphasis has been placed on skill development, sports, leadership training, and employment opportunities for young people.

Environmental Conservation

Goa's natural beauty lies in its beaches, rivers, forests, hills, and extraordinary biodiversity. Therefore, environmental conservation must go hand in hand with development.

The government's initiatives in sanitation, water conservation, waste management, renewable energy, and sustainable development are important steps towards preserving Goa's natural heritage.

The Importance of Public Participation

No government can achieve development alone. Active participation by citizens, village panchayats, educational institutions, non-governmental organizations, and social bodies is essential for sustainable progress.

When society actively supports constructive government initiatives, the pace and effectiveness of development are significantly enhanced.

Conclusion

Goa's progress must be measured not only in economic terms but also through balanced social, cultural, and environmental development. The initiatives undertaken under the leadership of Chief Minister Dr. Pramod Sawant in the fields of education, healthcare, infrastructure, digital governance, youth empowerment, environmental conservation, and the promotion of the Konkani language represent important steps towards the state's comprehensive development.

In particular, making knowledge of Konkani a requirement for government employment is a forward-looking measure aimed at preserving Goa's cultural identity while strengthening citizen-centric governance.

Only by safeguarding Goa's development, language, culture, and self-respect together can the state build a prosperous, self-reliant, culturally vibrant, and truly inspiring future for generations to come.

Goa's Brave Legacy: From Susegad to Soldier

 Goa's Brave Legacy: From Susegad to Soldier 

 Goa's Contribution to India's Defence

By John Aguiar 

 When the word "Goan" is mentioned, the image that often comes to mind is that of a guitar in hand, music in the air, vibrant village feasts, football, beaches, and the relaxed spirit of susegad. It is also commonly believed that Goans prefer the comforts of home and are reluctant to leave their beloved land. Yet history tells a very different story.

 Whenever the nation has called, Goans have willingly exchanged the guitar for the rifle, the stage for the battlefield, and the comfort of home for the harsh frontiers of the country. From the icy heights of Siachen to the scorching deserts of Rajasthan, from the skies above to the depths of the oceans, Goans have served India with extraordinary courage, professionalism, and sacrifice. As India commemorates the 27th anniversary of Operation Vijay, it is fitting to remember the remarkable contribution of Goa to the Indian Armed Forces. Leadership at the Highest Level Though India's smallest state, Goa has produced military leaders of exceptional stature. General Sunith Francis Rodrigues, a proud son of Curtorim, served as the Chief of Army Staff (1990–1993), providing visionary leadership during a critical period in India's military history before later serving as the Governor of Punjab. The Indian Air Force was led by Air Chief Marshal Hrishikesh Moolgavkar, one of India's finest aviators, who flew over sixty different aircraft and served as Chief of Air Staff (1976–1978). The seas too witnessed Goan leadership through Vice Admiral John Colin De Silva, who served as Vice Chief of Naval Staff and later as Director General of the Indian Coast Guard. Courage Beyond Imagination Few stories in military history equal that of Major General Ian Cardozo. Seriously wounded during the 1971 Indo-Pak War, he displayed unimaginable courage by amputating his own injured leg with a khukri to save his life. Refusing to let disability define him, he became the first differently-abled officer to command an Infantry Battalion in the Indian Army, inspiring generations of soldiers. His life remains a shining example of the fighting spirit that Goa has given the nation. Strategic Leadership Goans have excelled not only in combat but also in strategic military leadership. 

Among them are: Air Marshal Sandesh Wagle, who served as Deputy to the Chief of Defence Staff. Air Vice Marshal Sunil Nandodkar, who has contributed significantly to the modernization of the Indian Air Force. Major General Christopher Fernandes. Brigadier Anil Pereira, Sena Medal, recognised for distinguished service and counter-insurgency operations. A Tradition of Service Since Goa's liberation in 1961, increasing numbers of young Goans have joined the National Defence Academy and other military academies. For many Goan families, especially those with long military traditions, wearing the uniform is not merely a profession—it is a legacy passed down through generations. Among those who have brought honour to Goa are: Lt. Gen. Francis Tiburtius "Dick" Dias, Vir Chakra. Lt. Gen. Sumer Ivan D'Cunha, PVSM, Director General Army Air Defence. Lt. Gen. Michael Jude Fernandes, PVSM, AVSM, SM, Commandant of the Officers Training Academy. Colonel Jesus Benino Furtado, whose journey from NCC cadet to Commanding Officer is an inspiration to countless youth. Gallantry Across the Services Goa has produced decorated soldiers, sailors and air warriors whose courage has earned national recognition. Among them are: Lt. Gen. W.A.G. Pinto, remembered as the "Victor of Basantar." 2nd Lt. Jayendra Jaising Rane, Vir Chakra (Posthumous). Lt. Cdr. J.P.A. Noronha, Maha Vir Chakra. Colonel Ivan Joseph Crasto, Kirti Chakra, honoured for the daring Timber Trail rescue. Wing Commander Clarence D'Lima, Vayu Sena Medal. Lt. Narendra Mayekar, Kirti Chakra. Colonel Amit Anand Parab, Sena Medal (Gallantry). Major Cliff Franco D'Souza, recognised for exceptional courage during counter-insurgency operations in Kashmir. Service Beyond the Battlefield Goans have also distinguished themselves in military medicine. Doctors such as the late Captain Dr. Avadhut Prabhudessai, Group Captain Dr. Jeevash Wagle, Major Dr. Padmini Prabhudessai and Lt. Col. Dr. Vinod Salkar have served soldiers in some of India's most difficult operational areas. Similarly, Army Dental Corps officers including Lt. Col. Dr. Parag Prabhudessai, Lt. Col. Dr. Nitin Raikar and Lt. Col. Dr. Pravinkumar Shirodkar have rendered outstanding service to the Armed Forces.

 Their dedication reminds us that military service extends far beyond the battlefield. The New Generation The tradition continues through a new generation of Goan officers. Among them are Kargil veteran and Member of Parliament Captain Viriato Fernandes, Captain Ashutosh Pednekar, Captain Dr. Tejas Kolvekar and numerous young officers serving in the Army, Navy and Air Force. Captain Dr. Tejas Nitin Kolvekar's selection to the prestigious Remount Veterinary Corps reflects the growing presence of Goans in specialised branches of the Armed Forces. Goan officers continue to serve with distinction in Army Aviation, Artillery, Engineers, Signals, Air Defence, Medical Services and many other specialised arms. 

Goa is proud of Wing Commander Maria Ismenia Sancha Pereira.for her action during operation Sindoor.

Wg Cdr Uvena Fernandes  is a former International football player and was a FIFA Assistant Referee from 2014 to 2024. She is  the first and the only lady cadet to be appointed as Academy Cadet Captain in IAF academy.

She has been awarded for her achievements in football by Asian Football Confederation (AFC), All India Football Federation, Goa State and also felicitated by Delhi Commission for women for empowering women. She has also received CAS commendation in the year 2021.  Capt Dean Xavier mendonce, Capt Dr Dolores, Late Capt. Dr Avdut Prabhudesai,  Lt Cdr Gaurish Sawant, lt. commander Chrishtoper Fernandes, Lt Commander Leo Dias. In music , we have Commander vijay de Souza making Goans proud.

Kargil: 

A Legacy That Inspires Operation Vijay was a defining chapter in India's military history. The victory achieved on the icy heights of Kargil was made possible by the courage, determination and sacrifice of countless soldiers. Goans proudly stood among those brave men who defended every inch of Indian territory. Their service reminds us that patriotism is not measured by the size of a state but by the depth of commitment of its people. Nation First Goa may be famous for its beaches, music and hospitality, but its greatest contribution to India lies in the courage of its sons and daughters in uniform. The same Goan who celebrates village feasts with music and dance stands like an immovable rock when entrusted with defending the nation. Behind every smiling face lies an unwavering commitment to duty, honour and sacrifice. 

On the 27th anniversary of Operation Vijay, we salute every Goan who has served—and continues to serve—in the Indian Armed Forces. Their stories remind us that while Goa is India's smallest state geographically, its contribution to the nation's defence is truly monumental. There are also names such as Lt. Col. Milind Prabhu,Commodore Sanjay De Cunha of the Indian Navy; Colonel Dhondiraj Samant and Colonel Balkrishna Shirodkar, Lt Col. Austin Colaco, Lt. Col. Umesh Bhatikar  respected senior Army officers;  

The proud military tradition of Goa continues through a new generation of officers who are serving the nation with distinction across the Army, Navy and Air Force. Among them are Lt. Col. Prasad Pascal D'Silva, Lt. Col. Ramchandra Talwadkar, and Lt. Col. Shriman Pednekar, Wing Commander Fernando da Costa who have served with dedication in various operational and leadership appointments.

The Indian Air Force too has seen outstanding representation from Goa through officers such as Wing Commander Neha Marathe, Wing Commander Rashmi Prabhu, Wing Commander Prerna Desai, Wing Commander Rahul Verekar, each contributing to the operational excellence of the Air Force in diverse roles.

Adding to this proud legacy is Lieutenant Dr. Ishana Barreto, one of Goa's newest commissioned officers in the Army Medical Corps. 

Her commissioning reflects the continued enthusiasm of Goan youth to serve the nation and reinforces Goa's long-standing contribution to the Armed Forces. Along with officers such as Captain Dr. Tejas Nitin Kolvekar, who serves in the Remount Veterinary Corps, the new generation is carrying forward Goa's proud tradition of military service with professionalism, courage and patriotism. 

Jai Hind.

My Mentor, Friend, and Inspiration in Journalism: Gokuldas Mulvi

 My Mentor, Friend, and Inspiration in Journalism: Gokuldas Mulvi

By John Aguiar

The passing of senior journalist, litterateur, teacher, former Sarpanch of Bandora Panchayat, and founding President of the Ponda Taluka Journalists Association, Gokuldas R. Mulvi (80), marks the end of an era in Goa's journalistic, literary, and cultural landscape. His lifelong contributions as an educator, journalist, playwright, and social thinker have left an indelible mark on Goan society. For me, however, his demise is much more personal—it is the loss of my mentor, guide, and dear friend.

I first met Gokuldas Mulvi during my college days at Kavlem, where we attended a meeting together. Until then, I had always admired the uniform and dreamt of pursuing a career connected with the armed forces. But meeting Mulvi Sir changed the course of my life. His passion for journalism, mastery of the Marathi language, and unwavering commitment to society inspired me to enter the field of journalism. That single encounter became the turning point of my career.

While serving as a teacher at Lokmanya Tilak High School, Ponda, he simultaneously built a distinguished career in journalism spanning nearly five decades. He was known for his fearless, objective, and forthright reporting. His writings consistently reflected a commitment to truth and public welfare.

Mulvi Sir also made significant contributions to literature. He authored numerous Marathi and Konkani plays, one-act plays, short story collections, biographical sketches, and essays. Among his published works are Tu Aai Ahes Ka?, Ugha Manus..., Ha Palna Mayecha, Vadhastambh, Mook Purush, Krantijyot, Katha Eka Vyathechi, Pratibimb, Vyaktirang, Manus Ki Pashu?, Manavateche Pujari, Pratima, and Sanskritik Salokha. His autobiographical work, Satya Shodhatana (In Search of Truth), also received considerable acclaim.

His play Tu Aai Ahes Ka? became one of the most talked-about dramas in Goa. Based on a true incident, it portrayed the tragic story of a mother who killed her own son. Another notable work, Vadhastambh, depicted the story of Peter alias Kumar, the only convict to have been executed in Goa. Through such works, Mulvi Sir demonstrated an extraordinary ability to transform real-life events into powerful theatre while highlighting profound social issues and human emotions.

My own journalistic career began as the Ponda Correspondent for the Konkani page of O Heraldo. Later, I worked with West Coast Times, Gomantak, and Herald. During those years, Mulvi Sir and I worked closely together and developed a strong professional bond.

A defining moment came when we attended the Mofussil Correspondents' Convention organized by the Marathi Patrakar Sangh in Panaji. It was there that the idea of forming a journalists' association for Ponda Taluka first emerged. Mulvi Sir immediately embraced the proposal. With the support of senior journalist Shri Ratnakar Pawaskar, a meeting was convened at Hotel Pearl, Ponda, resulting in the formation of the Ponda Taluka Journalists Association, the first taluka-level journalists' association in Goa.

Gokuldas Mulvi was unanimously elected President, while I had the honour of serving as Secretary. This pioneering initiative later inspired the establishment of similar journalists' associations across the State.

What made our association special was the trust we shared. Although we represented different newspapers, there was never any sense of rivalry. We freely exchanged information, discussed story ideas, and even shared exclusive news, believing that journalism was ultimately about serving the public rather than competing with one another. That philosophy remains one of the greatest lessons I learned from him.

Beyond journalism and literature, Mulvi Sir made valuable contributions to Goa's cultural life. He was instrumental in establishing the Swarasamragni Girijatai Kelekar Memorial Music Sammelan at Farmagudi. 

Through his efforts, support was secured from Dena Bank with the assistance of then Union Minister Shri Eduardo Faleiro. Today, the annual music festival continues to be held at the Gopal Ganapati Temple premises, standing as a lasting testament to his cultural vision.

Together, we highlighted numerous civic and social issues affecting Ponda and its surrounding villages. Working alongside him taught me the unwritten principles of journalism—integrity, perseverance, humility, and the courage to pursue truth without fear or favour. These values became the foundation of my own career.

As I bid farewell to Mulvi Sir today, I remember not only his accomplishments but also his generosity in nurturing young journalists. He was always willing to guide, encourage, and share his knowledge. His influence extended far beyond the newsroom, shaping lives and strengthening journalism in Goa.

Goa has lost a distinguished journalist, a gifted writer, a dedicated teacher, a remarkable playwright, and a committed cultural activist.

I have lost the man who showed me the path to journalism.

His words, wisdom, and values will continue to guide me throughout my life.

May the soul of Gokuldas Mulvi rest in eternal peace.

Om Shanti.

Frontlines of the Language War: A Reporter’s Memoir of the Konkani Agitation

 Frontlines of the Language War: A Reporter’s Memoir of the Konkani Agitation

By John Aguiar

The air in Goa during the mid-1980s didn't just carry the scent of the sea; it carried the heavy, electric charge of a revolution. As a staff reporter for Herald, I didn't just cover the Konkani Agitation; I lived it. It was a time of unprecedented upheaval—the first time in our history that the Army was called to our streets—and I stood at the crossroads where journalism met activism.

The Secret Spark

The fuse was lit at the Surendra Babu Timblo Hall in Panjim. The Goa Pradesh Congress Committee was meeting to decide the fate of our mother tongue. The press was strictly barred from the proceedings, but the hunger for the story was too great to ignore. Sagar Javdekar of Tarun Bharat and I managed to squeeze ourselves into the crowded hall, unnoticed.

We witnessed history in the making as the resolution was passed to make Konkani the official language of Goa. The next morning, it was the explosive lead story only in Herald and Tarun Bharat. The secret was out, and the state would never be the same.

The War of the Words

In those days, the battle was fought as much in newsprint as it was on the Frontlines. Our newsroom at Herald, led by the indomitable Rajan Narayan, was the bastion for Konkani. On the other side stood Narayan Athavle of Gomantak, who championed Marathi with the fiery slogan: "Tuto he sharir futto he madtak marathicha gazar sodu naye" (Let the body break or the head shatter, but the chant of Marathi shall not cease).

The rivalry was fierce. I recall writing a stinging critique of Athavle’s rhetoric in the Roman Konkani daily Novem Goem, which earned me a legal notice from his advocate. It was Advocate Kamlakant Pai, from the chambers of the legendary Uday Bhembre, who stood by me to file the reply. We weren’t just reporters; we were soldiers for our mother tongue.

Blood on the Streets

The agitation was physical and often violent. I remember the lathi charge near the Customs House where our photographer, Menino Afonso, was injured and his gear smashed. That incident shook the fraternity, leading the Goa Union of Journalists to protest, eventually forcing the Department of Information & Publicity to issue "PRESS" armbands to identify us in the chaos.

One of the most vivid memories involves Shri Eduardo Faleiro, then MP. He had been touring Goa, sensing the pulse of the people and explaining that Statehood was impossible without an official language. 

Meanwhile Mr Faleiro was inducted as union minister in charge of external Affairs. He along with Union minister of State for Information & Broadcasting was to visit Goa to inaugurate the Programme Generating Facility at Doordarshan Panaji. The people were waiting for Mr Faleiro at Cortalim Junction. So he decided to face the agitators by send his colleagues via sea route to Panaji.

At Cortalim, a massive blockade had brought the state to a standstill. I was there with my driver, Vasant of Kundaim, and Menino Afonso my photographer. As Faleiro began to speak, stones flew, and the police swung into action. In the ensuing melee, I lost my photographer—only to find him later, trekking down a hillside, having fled to avoid a second lathi charge. I couldn’t blame him; the air was thick with the threat of broken bones.

The struggle for Konkani as the official language was not just a political movement; for those of us on the ground, it was a period of intense personal conviction and professional urgency. I recall the somber atmosphere following the firing by the Gujarat Reserved Police in Margao—an incident that tragically claimed the life of a young activist, Floriano Vaz.

Eager to gather firsthand information for the public, I set out for Margao. While waiting for a bus at Ponda Tiska, I was offered a lift by Advocate R.D. Magueshkar on his scooter. At the time, he was the Manager of the daily Novem Goem. He was visibly disturbed; the state-wide bandh (strike) had prevented the editorial staff from reaching the office, threatening the next day's publication.

What began as a ride to gather news turned into a hands-on lesson in journalistic grit. He took me directly to the Novem Goem office, and together, we stepped into the breach. Working side-by-side, we managed to compile and bring out the edition ourselves, ensuring the voice of the movement wasn't silenced by the chaos of the strike.

The chain hunger strike at Azad Maidan was a pivotal moment in the 1985–1987 Konkani agitation, marking a shift from intellectual debate to a mass movement for Goa's identity.

While the agitation saw several large rallies at Azad Maidan ( most notably the massive gathering  on December 18, 1986), the chain hunger strikes served as the "pulse" of the movement between these major events.

Beyond my professional duties, my heart was firmly with the cause. I am proud to have stood among the advocates for our mother tongue, participating in the chain token hunger strike at Azad Maidan. We stood there with a singular, unwavering demand: the recognition of Konkani as the official language of Goa—a milestone that remains a defining moment in our cultural history.

The Grassroots Surge

While the leaders debated in Panaji, the real fire was lit in the villages. From the youth of Panchawadi digging up roads overnight to block traffic from Sanvordem, to the people of Pilar burning tires near the chapel—Goa was a fortress.

In Ponda, I worked alongside the late Roque Pereira of The Navhind Times. Together, we drove a jeep fitted with loudspeakers through the taluka, rallying the masses. Our efforts culminated in a "Maha Mellava" where we organized eight buses from Shiroda, Panchwadi, and Usgao. It was a logistical triumph that stunned the opposition.

The tension was so high that my own father was warned by the Marathi faction to "take care of me." For my safety, I stopped going home to Ponda, instead sleeping on the sub-editors' tables at the Herald office or at Prakash Lodge, surrounded by other Konkani activists.

Unsung Heroes

History often remembers the names on the bills and the statues, but the Konkani movement was built on the backs of the "unsung." People like Sunil Shet, who worked tirelessly; Roque Pereira, who edited a Konkani fortnightly to educate the masses; and the brave supporters like Inacio Gracias and Joildo Aguiar.

We were a generation that refused to let our identity be erased. Whether we were shouting slogans at the Azad Maidan or dodging bullets at Pilar, we knew that we were writing the first chapter of a free, statehood-recognized Goa. Today, as we speak our language with pride, let us not forget the bruised cameras, the blocked roads, and the ink spilled to make it so.

When My Arms Licence Was Renewed in Ten Minutes

 When My Arms Licence Was Renewed in Ten Minutes

John Aguiar

It was sometime in 1990. I was then working as a Staff Reporter with Herald, and on that particular day I had  visited North  Collectorate Office to get my arms licence renewed.

I went and  approached the MAG Section, which was dealing with arms licences. I submitted my application and paid the requisite fees. After completing the formalities, I was told by the concerned clerk that I should not expect the renewed licence anytime soon. I was given to understand that it would take at least two months because the application had to go through several procedures.

I thanked the clerk and walked out of the section.

As I was making my way towards the exit, I happened to glance at the nameplate outside one of the offices. It read:

Shri N. Suryanarayana

Additional Collector

I knew the name. Out of curiosity and courtesy, I asked his Personal Assistant whether the Additional Collector was in the office. He replied that he was and informed him that I wished to meet him.

To my surprise, I was immediately called inside.

I greeted Shri Suryanarayana. He asked me why I had come to the Collectorate. I casually told him that I had come to submit my application for renewal of my arms licence. I also told him honestly that, after seeing his name on the door, I had decided to meet him simply as a matter of courtesy. I made it clear that I had already submitted my application and had not come to seek any special favour.

He then asked me where the application was.

I told him that it had already been submitted to the concerned section.

Without wasting any time, he asked his PA to call the dealing clerk.

When the clerk arrived, Shri Suryanarayana asked him to put up my licence for his signature.

The clerk appeared somewhat hesitant. He explained that the matter was not that simple and that the application had to undergo the prescribed procedure.

The Additional Collector asked him what exactly the procedure was.

The clerk explained that the papers had to be sent to the Superintendent of Police for verification of the applicant's antecedents and for a recommendation. Only after receiving the police report could the matter be placed before the competent authority.

Shri Suryanarayana then asked him a simple question:

“Who is the competent authority?”

The clerk replied, “You, sir.”

There was a brief pause.

Shri Suryanarayana then said that he knew me very well and that he was personally satisfied about me. Therefore, he said, he did not require a police recommendation in this particular case.

My licence was brought before the Additional Collector. He signed it in my presence. I completed the necessary signatures in the receipt section, and the renewed arms licence was handed over to me.

I had walked into the Collectorate expecting to wait for at least two months.

I walked out with my renewed licence in about ten minutes.

Looking back, what stayed with me was not the speed with which the licence was renewed, but the manner in which Shri N. Suryanarayana handled the matter. I had not asked him to bypass any procedure. I had merely gone in to meet him out of courtesy after seeing his nameplate.

He exercised his authority because, as the competent authority, he was satisfied about the applicant before him.

That brief encounter, from my days as a Staff Reporter with Herald, remains one of those unexpected incidents in my professional life that I still remember vividly.

Sometimes, a chance glance at a nameplate can turn an ordinary day into a memorable story.

Capt. Ashutosh Pednekar Wins Bronze at World Racketlon Championship, Makes Goa Proud

 Capt. Ashutosh Pednekar Wins Bronze at World Racketlon Championship, Makes Goa Proud

Rotterdam, August 7: Another remarkable achievement for Capt. Ashutosh Pednekar of the Indian Navy, who has won the Bronze Medal 🥉 in the Seniors 55+ Singles at the World Racketlon Championship, held in Rotterdam from August 5 to 7, 2026.

Capt. Pednekar narrowly missed the Gold Medal, losing the top spot by just four points, but his Bronze Medal marks another significant milestone in his distinguished sporting career.

At the World Racketlon Championships, Capt. Pednekar had previously won Gold Medals in the Senior Singles category in 2018 and 2022, besides a Silver Medal in 2019. With the Bronze Medal in 2026, he has now completed the full set of Gold, Silver and Bronze medals at the prestigious championship.

His achievement is a proud moment for the Indian Navy and the country, while also bringing immense pride to Goa.

Heartiest congratulations to Capt. Ashutosh Pednekar on this outstanding achievement. His dedication, sporting spirit and consistency continue to inspire fellow sportspersons and the younger generation.

Citizens for Democracy Goa Demands Policy Framework for Long-Serving GRES Employees

 

Citizens for Democracy Goa Demands Policy Framework for Long-Serving GRES Employees

Panaji, August 7: Citizens for Democracy Goa has submitted a representation to the Hon'ble Chief Minister of Goa, demanding immediate policy intervention to safeguard the future of long-serving employees engaged through the Goa Recruitment and Employment Society (GRES).

In the representation, signed by Shri Elvis Gomes, the organisation expressed concern that hundreds of GRES employees have served various Government departments for over a decade with dedication and efficiency but continue to remain on contractual engagements without job security, fair service conditions, or retirement benefits.

The organisation stated that these employees have become an integral part of the Government's administrative machinery and have acquired valuable institutional knowledge over the years. However, despite their contribution, they continue to face uncertainty, low wages, and the absence of a clear career path.

Shri Elvis Gomes pointed out that the Government has, in the past, made provisions for members of the Home Guards—whose services are purely voluntary under the Bombay Home Guards Act, 1947—to be regularised as Police Constables. He said that if such a policy could be extended to voluntary Home Guards personnel, there is a much stronger case for extending similar consideration to GRES employees, who have rendered continuous, full-time service to various Government departments for over ten years.

The organisation also noted that many GRES employees have either crossed or are approaching the upper age limit for regular Government recruitment, which could permanently deprive them of the opportunity to secure stable employment after years of public service.

Citizens for Democracy Goa has urged the Government to formulate a comprehensive policy for all GRES employees with ten or more years of continuous service. Among its key demands are guaranteed job security, rationalised pay scales, retirement benefits, age relaxation and service weightage in Government recruitment, and a transparent, time-bound mechanism for the absorption of eligible long-serving employees into regular Government service.

The representation further called upon the Government to prioritise investment in its human resources by redirecting expenditure from non-essential public events towards securing the livelihoods and dignity of workers who have contributed significantly to the functioning of the State administration.

Citizens for Democracy Goa expressed hope that the Government would respond with concrete policy measures to ensure social justice and fair treatment for long-serving GRES employees.

Salam Fauji:Captain Viriato Hipólito de Mendonça Fernandes

From the Indian Navy to Parliament: Captain Viriato Hipólito de Mendonça Fernandes on Service, Kargil and Nation Building

By John Aguiar

Captain Viriato Hipólito de Mendonça Fernandes, Member of Parliament and a retired officer of the Indian Navy, was part of Operation Talwar during the 1999 Kargil War. After serving the Navy with distinction for twenty-six years, he carried the same spirit of service into public life. In this interview, he reflects on his remarkable journey—from a young engineering student in Goa to a naval officer, and later, a Member of Parliament.

Early Life and Education

Born in Assonora, Bardez, Goa, Captain Fernandes completed his primary education at St. Clara High School. As his father was a government servant who was later transferred to Panaji, he continued his education at Progress High School, Don Bosco, Dhempe College, and eventually joined the Goa Engineering College. After completing his engineering studies, he reported to INS Mandovi, Verem, where he began his career in the Indian Navy.

The Inspiration to Wear the Uniform

Captain Fernandes recalls that his patriotism was nurtured during childhood through stories narrated by his parents. They spoke of Goa's Liberation Struggle and the courage displayed by Indian soldiers during the 1962 Sino-Indian War. In an era when television was absent and radio was the primary source of news, these stories left a lasting impression on him.

His father also introduced him to international events, including the Hungarian uprising against communist rule. Later, as a teenager, the Tiananmen Square protests further shaped his understanding of freedom, democracy, and public courage.

An accomplished badminton player who represented Goa at the national level in Udaipur, he was pursuing his final year of engineering when nationwide protests erupted over the Mandal Commission. Following campus disruptions, he returned to Goa, unaware that destiny was about to change his life.

A Chance Encounter that Changed Everything

While visiting Goa Engineering College to check examination dates, Captain Fernandes noticed a large crowd outside a classroom. He learned that senior officers from the Indian Navy were conducting campus interviews to recruit engineering graduates.

By the time he decided to appear for the interview, it was already 5 p.m., and the selection panel had officially closed the process. Politely turned away, he accepted the decision and walked back.

A few minutes later, a naval sailor approached him with an unexpected message: the interview board wanted him to return. The panel had realised they had an odd number of candidates and decided to call him back to make the count even.

Looking back, Captain Fernandes smiles and says, "Perhaps it was destiny."

During the interview, he was asked about the political unrest prevailing in India. Speaking candidly, he expressed his opinion that Prime Minister V. P. Singh should resign because the government had failed to maintain law and order. The following day, newspapers carried the news of the Prime Minister's resignation.

Selection through the Services Selection Board

Although several of his classmates received letters for the Services Selection Board (SSB) interview, Captain Fernandes initially received nothing. Days later, a letter finally arrived informing him that he had missed the first call and was being given a final opportunity.

He travelled to Bhopal and successfully completed the demanding SSB selection process, which assessed psychological aptitude, leadership, intelligence, and physical endurance.

During the final conference, he was asked how confident he was about being selected.

"I am very confident," he replied.

When asked why, he answered, "Because if you do not select me, you will lose the opportunity to recruit a good officer."

When the results were announced, he was the only candidate selected from that batch.

Soon afterwards, he joined the Indian Navy at INS Mandovi, beginning a distinguished military career that lasted twenty-six years.

A Career in Naval Aviation

Captain Fernandes believes the Navy constantly upgrades its officers through professional training, advanced education, and continuous skill development, producing confident and capable leaders.

Although naval advertisements often proclaim, "Join the Navy and See the World," he says he never had the opportunity to travel abroad during service. Nevertheless, he gained extensive operational experience within India.

After qualifying as a Marine Engineer, he served at Visakhapatnam before moving into Naval Aviation, a field that particularly fascinated him.

He served with INAS 310, the famous "Cobras" squadron at INS Hansa, Goa, and later worked with several naval aviation units operating aircraft such as the Dornier 228, Sea Harrier, Chetak, and Kiran aircraft.

In 1999, he was transferred to INAS 550, popularly known as the "Flying Fish" Squadron, based at INS Garuda, Kochi, where he served as an Engineering Officer during the Kargil conflict.

Operation Talwar and the Kargil War

During the Kargil War, the Indian Navy launched Operation Talwar, a strategic naval campaign aimed at blockading Pakistan's maritime trade routes and exerting economic and military pressure.

Serving with naval aviation during this crucial period, Captain Fernandes contributed to the operational readiness of aircraft supporting India's maritime security mission.

He pays heartfelt tribute to the extraordinary courage of India's armed forces during the conflict, remembering heroes such as Captain Vikram Batra and Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey, whose supreme sacrifice continues to inspire generations of Indians.

"The bravery of our soldiers, who fought under the most difficult conditions against Pakistani forces and infiltrators, will never be forgotten," he says.

From Military Service to Public Service

After retiring from the Navy, Captain Fernandes channelled the same discipline and commitment into public life. He became actively involved in exposing corruption, environmental destruction, and issues affecting Goa's future.

"When the elected representatives failed to listen, we became the voice of Goa," he recalls. Despite facing legal challenges and pressure, he remained steadfast in speaking for the people.

His military training, he believes, taught him integrity, courage, discipline, and the importance of standing firm under pressure—qualities that continue to guide his work in public life.

Serving the Nation in Parliament

Upon entering Parliament, Captain Fernandes says he was recognised for his commitment to public service.

He recalls that the Leader of the Opposition, Rahul Gandhi, appreciated his work for the people of Goa and recommended his appointment to the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Defence, enabling him to continue contributing to matters relating to national security.

A Soldier's Message

Reflecting on his journey, Captain Viriato Hipólito de Mendonça Fernandes believes that the true duty of a soldier is to protect the nation, even at the risk of one's own life. He emphasises that passion, integrity, honesty, and strong moral values are the foundation of meaningful public service.

His remarkable journey—from an engineering student who almost missed a campus interview, to a naval officer who served during the Kargil War, and finally to a Member of Parliament—demonstrates how dedication, courage, and unwavering patriotism can shape a lifetime of service to the nation.

Salam Fauji:Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Nitin Rivankar (Retd.)

 

A Tri-Service Healer: The Extraordinary Journey of Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Nitin Rivankar (Retd.)

By John Aguiar

In the traditions of the Indian Armed Forces, officers are generally identified by their allegiance to a single service—the Army's olive green, the Navy's pristine white, or the Air Force's sky blue. However, the career of Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Nitin Rivankar (Retd.) stands out as a remarkable exception. A scholar, a soldier, and a specialist, Dr. Rivankar's 22-year military career is a rare testament to tri-service contribution, proving that the mission of healing knows no boundaries of terrain or uniform. From the decks of aircraft carriers in the Arabian Sea to the rugged mountain passes of Bhutan and the sensitive frontiers of Punjab and Jammu, his journey exemplifies professional versatility and unwavering patriotism.

The Foundation of Excellence

Born and brought up in Goa, Dr. Rivankar's fascination with the uniform began at an early age when he joined the Naval Wing of the National Cadet Corps (NCC). After earning his Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree from the Goa Dental College, he answered the nation's call in 1986 by joining the Army Dental Corps (ADC). His transformation from civilian dentist to military officer was completed at the Officers Training Academy (OTA), Lucknow, where he acquired the leadership and tactical skills that would define more than two decades of distinguished service.

A Dentist for the Armed Forces

While most officers spend their careers within a single service, Lieutenant Colonel Rivankar earned the rare distinction of serving across all three branches of the Indian Armed Forces.

Serving the Army

His Army assignments included service with a Field Ambulance Unit at Sagar and a posting in Punjab during the tense period following the 1984 unrest. He also served with III Corps in Nagaland and was later deployed along the Jammu border immediately after the Kargil conflict, working under demanding operational conditions while providing vital dental care to troops.

Serving the Air Force

At the No. 1 Air Force Dental Centre, Palam, he served in the heart of the nation's capital. He fondly recalls watching the Indian national cricket team practising on the Palam grounds during his tenure—one of the many memorable moments of his military career.

Serving the Navy

Returning to his home state, Dr. Rivankar served at INHS Jeevanti in Goa. One of the highlights of this tenure was his assignment aboard the aircraft carrier INS Viraat, where he sailed around Sri Lanka and witnessed the complex operations of fighter aircraft taking off and landing at sea—an experience few military doctors have the privilege of witnessing.

Academic Leadership and Service Beyond Borders

Dr. Rivankar's career was equally distinguished in academics. He earned his Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) from the Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune, and later served for five years as Professor and Head of the Department of Prosthodontics at the same prestigious institution, helping shape the next generation of military dental specialists.

His commitment to service extended beyond India's borders through Project DANTAK of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) in Bhutan. In the "Land of the Thunder Dragon," he provided essential dental care to soldiers engaged in building strategic infrastructure in remote mountainous regions. During this assignment, he also served as an official photographer, capturing breathtaking aerial images from military helicopters while documenting the project's activities.

A Legacy of Service and Adventure

Following his retirement in 2008, Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Rivankar returned to Goa, where he has established a successful private dental practice. Yet, retirement has never diminished his adventurous spirit. An enthusiastic cyclist and long-distance runner, he recently completed the challenging Manali–Leh Cycling Expedition, conquering some of the world's highest motorable mountain passes—a remarkable reflection of the physical endurance and mental resilience forged during his years in military service.

Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Nitin Rivankar's story is far more than a professional biography. It is the inspiring journey of a man who dedicated his life to serving others—whether in a state-of-the-art military hospital, aboard a moving aircraft carrier, or in an isolated mountain outpost. His career stands as a shining example of commitment, excellence, and selfless service to the nation, inspiring future generations of medical professionals and officers alike.